The OSI (Open Systems Interconnection) model is a conceptual framework that explains how data is transmitted between systems using seven logical layers.
It helps engineers design, understand, and troubleshoot networks by isolating problems layer by layer.
Provides network services directly to user applications like browsers, email, and FTP.
Handles data formatting, encryption, and compression.
Manages sessions between communicating devices.
Ensures reliable delivery using TCP or best-effort using UDP.
Handles routing and logical IP addressing. Routers operate here.
Responsible for MAC addressing, framing, and error detection.
Deals with cables, signals, connectors, and transmission media.